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Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is the name given to a protest movement that began on September 17, 2011, in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street financial district, receiving global attention and spawning the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=OccupyWallStreet - About )〕 It was inspired by anti-austerity protests in Spain coming from the 15-M movement. The Canadian, anti-consumerist, pro-environment group/magazine Adbusters initiated the call for a protest. The main issues raised by Occupy Wall Street were social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the perceived undue influence of corporations on government—particularly from the financial services sector. The OWS slogan, "We are the 99%", refers to income inequality and wealth distribution in the U.S. between the wealthiest 1% and the rest of the population. To achieve their goals, protesters acted on consensus-based decisions made in general assemblies which emphasized direct action over petitioning authorities for redress.〔 The protesters were forced out of Zuccotti Park on November 15, 2011. Protesters turned their focus to occupying banks, corporate headquarters, board meetings, foreclosed homes, and college and university campuses. On December 29, 2012, Naomi Wolf of ''The Guardian'' newspaper provided U.S. government documents which revealed that the FBI and DHS had monitored Occupy Wall Street through its Joint Terrorism Task Force, despite labeling it a peaceful movement.〔Revealed: how the FBI coordinated the crackdown on Occupy, The Guardian, Naomi Wolf, December 29, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/dec/29/fbi-coordinated-crackdown-occupy 〕 ''The New York Times'' reported in May 2014 that declassified documents showed extensive surveillance and infiltration of OWS-related groups across the country.〔Moynihan, Colin. "Officials Cast Wide Net in Monitoring Occupy Protests." ''The New York Times''. The New York Times, 22 May 2014. Web. 30 May 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/23/us/officials-cast-wide-net-in-monitoring-occupy-protests.html〕 ==Origins== The original protest was initiated by Kalle Lasn and Micah White of Adbusters, a Canadian anti-consumerist publication, who conceived of a September 17 occupation in Lower Manhattan. The first such proposal appeared on the Adbusters website on February 2, 2011, under the title "A Million Man March on Wall Street."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Million Man March on Wall Street )〕 Lasn registered the ''(OccupyWallStreet.org )'' web address on June 9.〔 That same month, Adbusters emailed its subscribers saying “America needs its own Tahrir.” White said the reception of the idea "snowballed from there".〔〔 In a blog post on July 13, 2011,〔 Adbusters proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on democracy, the lack of legal consequences for those who brought about the global crisis of monetary insolvency, and an increasing disparity in wealth.〔 The protest was promoted with an image featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull statue.〔〔〔 Meanwhile, several similar proposals were being explored by independent groups, as reported by journalist Nathan Schneider in his book ''Thank You, Anarchy: Notes from the Occupy Apocalypse''. Thousands of people, organized by a group of labor unions marched on Wall Street 12; the online collective Anonymous attempted an occupation on June 14; activists planned an indefinite occupation of Freedom Plaza in Washington, D.C., which eventually became known as Occupy Washington, D.C. On August 1, 2011, almost a month prior to the major media event, a group of artists were arrested after a series of days protesting nude as an art performance on Wall Street. This event may have inspired or triggered the major event to follow. This was a protest by the 49 participants on American Institutions and was titled "Ocularpation: Wall Street" by artist Zefrey Throwell. Then in an unrelated incident, a group called ''New Yorkers Against Budget Cuts (NYAB)'' was formed, which promoted a "sleep in" in lower Manhattan called "Bloombergville," in July 2011, preceding OWS, and provided a number of activists to begin organizing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=How a Canadian Culture Magazine Helped Spark Occupy Wall Street )〕〔(Occupy movement confronts limitations as it celebrates one year anniversary : VTDigger ) 〕 Activist, anarchist and anthropologist David Graeber and several of his associates attended the NYAB general assembly but, disappointed that the event was intended to be a precursor to marching on Wall Street with predetermined demands, Graeber and his small group created their own general assembly, which eventually developed into the New York General Assembly. The group began holding weekly meetings to work out issues and the movement's direction, such as whether or not to have a set of demands, forming working groups and whether or not to have leaders.〔〔 The Internet group Anonymous created a video encouraging its supporters to take part in the protests.〔 The U.S. Day of Rage, a group that organized to protest "corporate influence () corrupts our political parties, our elections, and the institutions of government," also joined the movement.〔〔 The protest itself began on September 17; a Facebook page for the demonstrations began two days later on September 19 featuring a YouTube video of earlier events. By mid-October, Facebook listed 125 Occupy-related pages.〔 The original location for the protest was One Chase Manhattan Plaza, with Bowling Green Park (the site of the "Charging Bull") and Zuccotti Park as alternate choices. Police discovered this before the protest began and fenced off two locations; but they left Zuccotti Park, the group's third choice, open. Since the park was private property, police could not legally force protesters to leave without being requested to do so by the property owner.〔 At a press conference held the same day the protests began, New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg explained, "people have a right to protest, and if they want to protest, we'll be happy to make sure they have locations to do it."〔 Because of its connection to the financial system, lower Manhattan has seen many riots and protests since the 1800s,〔 and OWS has been compared to other historical protests in the United States.〔 Commentators have put OWS within the political tradition of other movements that made themselves known by occupation of public spaces, such as Coxey's Army in 1894, the Bonus Marchers in 1932, and the May Day protesters in 1971.〔〔 More recent prototypes for OWS include the British student protests of 2010, 2009-2010 Iranian election protests, the Arab Spring protests, and, more closely related, protests in Chile, Greece and Spain. These antecedents have in common with OWS a reliance on social media and electronic messaging, as well as the belief that financial institutions, corporations, and the political elite have been malfeasant in their behavior toward youth and the middle class.〔〔 Occupy Wall Street, in turn, gave rise to the Occupy movement in the United States.〔〔〔 David Graeber has argued that the Occupy movement, in its anti-hierarchical and anti-authoritarian consensus-based politics, its refusal to accept the legitimacy of the existing legal and political order, and its embrace of prefigurative politics, has roots in an anarchist political tradition.〔 Sociologist Dana Williams has likewise argued that "the most immediate inspiration for Occupy is anarchism," and the ''LA Times'' has identified the "controversial, anarchist-inspired organizational style" as one of the hallmarks of OWS. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Occupy Wall Street」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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